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:''For others similarly named, see the Syed Ahmed navigation page'' ''Not to be confused with Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi''. Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi (1786–1831), was a revolutionary Islamist activist in India. His supporters designated him an ''Amir al-Mu'minin'' ("Commander of the Believers") and ''shaheed'' ("martyr"). He is thought by at least one scholar (Edward Mortimer), to have anticipated mordern Islamists in his waging of jihad and attempt to create an Islamic state with strict enforcement of Islamic law,〔Mortimer, Edward, ''Faith and Power, (1982), p.68-70〕 and by at least one other (Olivier Roy), to be the first modern Islamic leader to lead a movement that was "religious, military and political," and to address the common people and rulers with a call for jihad.〔 Syed Ahmad was influenced by Shah Abdul Aziz, son of Shah Waliullah. He toured India preaching Islamic renewal and jihad, and built a highly developed network of personal friends and partisans spread across northern India organized to recruit and dispatch men and financial aid. In 1826 he provided an Islamic challenge to an expanding Sikh empire when he along with few hundred disciples, supported by his network, arrived in Peshawar, (now in Pakistan), to establish an Islamic state among Pashtun tribes in the area. Syed Ahmad and hundreds of his troops and followers were killed by the Sikh army in Balakot, Mansehra District in 1831, but a number of his followers survived and continued to fight on, taking part in tribal uprisings in the North-west province as late as 1897.〔 ==Militia Service== At the age of twenty-five, Sayyid Ahmad joined a militia as a cavalry man. The militia was led by Amir Khan, in Northern India, one of the many military adventurers of this period, who had organized a body of free-floating demilitarized soldiers of the area to raid and conquer, with the ultimate goal of setting himself up as a prince. Barbara Metcalf theorizes this period in Sayyid Ahmad's life as a time of maturation, when he began to synthesize his experience in state-making and his pious commitment to the Sharia. After about six years of service, however, he left the militia because Amir Khan chose to make peace with the British in return for the rule of a small estate. From Sayyid Ahmad's perspective, this was a strategic disaster because it amounted to surrendering to the greatest threat that Muslims faced in India. Upon leaving the militia, Sayyid Ahmad returned to Delhi and visited his former teacher Shah Abdul Aziz, who was so impressed by Sayyid Ahmad's charisma and maturation over the years that he advised his nephew Shah Ismail and his son-in-law Maulvi Abdul Hayy to take spiritual allegiance (bay'ah) with him. These two would go on to become Sayyid Ahmad's most trusted disciples. This endorsement by Shah Abdul Aziz only added to Sayyid Ahmad's reputation, and his popularity grew with adherents flocking to him by the thousands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Syed Ahmad Barelvi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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